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New Haven County, Connecticut

Coordinates: 41°21′N 72°54′W / 41.35°N 72.90°W / 41.35; -72.90
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New Haven County
County
The New Haven Green Historic District
The New Haven Green Historic District
Map of Connecticut highlighting New Haven County
Location within the U.S. state of Connecticut
Map of the United States highlighting Connecticut
Connecticut's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 41°21′N 72°54′W / 41.35°N 72.9°W / 41.35; -72.9
Country United States
State Connecticut
Founded1666
Named forNew Haven Colony
Seatnone (since 1960)
New Haven (before 1960)
Largest municipalityNew Haven (population)
Guilford (area)
Area
 • Total
862 sq mi (2,230 km2)
 • Land605 sq mi (1,570 km2)
 • Water258 sq mi (670 km2)  29.9%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
864,835 Increase
 • Density1,429.5/sq mi (551.9/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional districts2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th
Map
Interactive map of New Haven County, Connecticut

New Haven County is a county in the south central part of the U.S. state of Connecticut. As of the 2020 census, the population was 864,835,[1] making it the third-most populous county in Connecticut. Two of the state's five largest cities, New Haven (3rd) and Waterbury (5th), are part of New Haven County.

New Haven County is part of the New Haven-Milford, CT Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the New York metropolitan Combined Statistical Area.

County governments were abolished in Connecticut in 1960. Thus, as is the case with all eight of Connecticut's counties, there is no county government, and no county seat. Until 1960, the city of New Haven was the county seat. In Connecticut, towns are responsible for all local government activities, including fire and rescue, snow removal and schools. In some cases, neighboring towns will share certain activities, e.g. schools, health, etc. New Haven County is merely a group of towns on a map, and has no specific government authority. The county Sheriff system was abolished by voters and replaced by State Judicial Marshals in 2000. As a result, the state judicial system in New Haven County has three judicial districts: New Haven, Ansonia-Milford, and Waterbury. On June 6, 2022, the U.S. Census Bureau formally recognized Connecticut's nine councils of governments as county equivalents instead of the state's eight counties. Connecticut's eight historical counties continue to exist in name only, and are no longer considered for statistical purposes.[2]

History

[edit]

Following the process of unification of New Haven Colony with Connecticut Colony in 1664–65, cohesion could be improved. New Haven County was constituted by an act of the Connecticut General Court on May 10, 1666, along with Hartford County, Fairfield County, and New London County. The act establishing the county states:

This Court orders that from the east bounds of Guilford
vnto ye west bounds of Milford shalbe for future one County
wch shalbe called the County of N: Hauen. And it is
ordered that the County Court shalbe held at N: Hauen on
the second Wednesday in March and on the second Wednesday
in Nouember yearely.[3]

As established in 1666, New Haven County consisted of the towns of Milford, New Haven, and Guilford. The town of Wallingford was established in 1670 in unincorporated area north of New Haven and formally added to New Haven County in 1671. In 1675, the town of Derby was established north of Milford. In 1686, the town of Waterbury was established, but was assigned as part of Hartford County. Waterbury was transferred to New Haven County in 1728. In 1722, most of northwestern Connecticut (except for the town of Litchfield) was placed under the jurisdiction of New Haven County. Eight years later, in 1730, the eastern half of northwestern Connecticut was transferred to the jurisdiction of Hartford County. By mid-1738, with the exception of the towns of New Milford, Sharon, and Salisbury, the entire territory of northwestern Connecticut was under Hartford County. In 1751, Litchfield County was constituted consisting of all the towns in northwestern Connecticut. Between 1780 and 1807, several more towns were established along the northern boundary of New Haven County, resulting in the alteration of the limits of the county. The final boundary alteration leading to the modern boundary resulted from the establishment of the town of Middlebury on October 8, 1807.[4]

Geography

[edit]

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 862 square miles (2,230 km2), of which 605 square miles (1,570 km2) is land and 258 square miles (670 km2) (29.9%) is water.[5] It is the second-largest county in Connecticut by total area.

Features

[edit]

The terrain is mostly flat near the coast, with low hills defining the rest of the area, rising significantly only in the north of the county. The highest elevation is close to the northernmost point in the county, found at two areas of approximately 1,050 feet (320 m) above sea level in the town of Wolcott. The lowest point is sea level.

Notable geographic landmarks include Mount Carmel ("Sleeping Giant"), West Rock and East Rock.

Adjacent counties

[edit]

New Haven county is bounded on the south by Long Island Sound.

National protected area

[edit]

Government and municipal services

[edit]

As of 1960, counties in Connecticut do not have any associated county government structure. All municipal services are provided by the towns. In order to address issues concerning more than one town, several regional agencies that help coordinate the towns for infrastructure, land use, and economic development concerns have been established. Within the geographical area of New Haven County, the regional agencies are:

Judicial

[edit]

The geographic area of the county is served by the three separate judicial districts: Ansonia-Milford, Waterbury, and New Haven. The Ansonia-Milford jurisdiction has two superior courthouses, one in Derby, the other in Milford. The Waterbury and New Haven judicial districts have superior courthouses located, respectively, in Waterbury, and New Haven.

Law enforcement

[edit]

Law enforcement within the geographic area of the county is provided by the respective town police departments. Prior to 2000, a County Sheriff's Department existed for the purpose of executing judicial warrants, prisoner transport, and court security. These responsibilities have now been taken over by the Connecticut State Marshal System.

Fire protection

[edit]

Fire protection in the county is provided by the towns. Several towns also have fire districts that provide services to a section of the town.

Founded in 1937, New Haven County has a county-wide fire-protection agency called "New Haven County Fire Emergency Plan" based in Hamden to "Coordinate Mutual Aid - Radio Problems, assist members of county at major incidents if requested, provide training".[6]

Water service

[edit]

Water service is provided by a regional non-profit public corporation known as the South Central Connecticut Regional Water Authority. The Regional Water Authority supplies water to most of the towns within New Haven County, excluding the Waterbury area and the towns of Guilford and Madison. The Regional Water Authority is one of only two such county-wide public water service providers in the state.

Politics

[edit]

As with most other Connecticut counties, New Haven County is a Democratic stronghold. The last Republican victory in New Haven County was George H.W. Bush in 1988. From the 1990s through 20012, the county increasingly trended Democratic, though since then it has become more competitive. Though he did not carry the county, Republican Donald Trump received over 40% of its vote in all three of his campaigns (2016, 2020 and 2024), a feat that Republican candidates had achieved only once in the previous six elections.

United States presidential election results for New Haven County, Connecticut[7]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2024 171,435 43.08% 218,981 55.02% 7,571 1.90%
2020 169,893 40.65% 242,630 58.05% 5,460 1.31%
2016 159,048 41.96% 205,609 54.25% 14,349 3.79%
2012 138,364 38.32% 218,998 60.65% 3,697 1.02%
2008 144,650 37.78% 233,589 61.01% 4,647 1.21%
2004 160,390 43.78% 199,060 54.33% 6,942 1.89%
2000 122,919 36.04% 197,928 58.03% 20,252 5.94%
1996 106,636 32.72% 178,323 54.72% 40,932 12.56%
1992 141,264 36.68% 161,374 41.90% 82,494 21.42%
1988 174,251 50.90% 163,153 47.66% 4,957 1.45%
1984 212,166 59.81% 140,945 39.74% 1,601 0.45%
1980 169,038 50.05% 130,913 38.76% 37,781 11.19%
1976 174,342 52.17% 157,402 47.10% 2,445 0.73%
1972 200,818 59.01% 135,132 39.71% 4,373 1.28%
1968 130,501 41.50% 159,653 50.78% 24,278 7.72%
1964 97,656 30.85% 218,743 69.10% 171 0.05%
1960 136,852 42.04% 188,685 57.96% 2 0.00%
1956 191,215 63.02% 112,208 36.98% 0 0.00%
1952 165,917 54.66% 136,476 44.96% 1,148 0.38%
1948 120,769 48.50% 121,591 48.83% 6,633 2.66%
1944 108,883 46.50% 123,450 52.72% 1,811 0.77%
1940 103,100 44.89% 126,072 54.89% 517 0.23%
1936 76,614 37.44% 117,308 57.33% 10,689 5.22%
1932 79,019 45.38% 86,826 49.86% 8,296 4.76%
1928 80,952 49.05% 82,657 50.08% 1,439 0.87%
1924 69,164 57.40% 36,247 30.08% 15,085 12.52%
1920 65,938 60.23% 37,977 34.69% 5,559 5.08%
1916 30,175 47.68% 30,416 48.06% 2,695 4.26%
1912 19,188 34.15% 22,364 39.80% 14,634 26.05%
1908 32,304 56.26% 22,394 39.00% 2,726 4.75%
1904 31,663 55.97% 21,744 38.44% 3,163 5.59%
1900 27,766 51.19% 25,351 46.73% 1,128 2.08%
1896 5,423 71.23% 1,927 25.31% 263 3.45%
1892 20,038 43.42% 24,634 53.38% 1,477 3.20%
1888 19,003 45.04% 22,113 52.41% 1,073 2.54%
1884 16,303 44.43% 19,341 52.71% 1,046 2.85%
1880 15,383 46.40% 17,524 52.85% 248 0.75%

Transportation

[edit]

Major Roads

[edit]

Boston Post Road

[edit]

U.S. 1 is the oldest east–west route in the county, running through all of its shoreline cities and towns. Known by various names along its length, most commonly "Boston Post Road" or simply "Post Road", it gradually gains latitude from west to east. Thus U.S. 1 west is officially designated "South" and east is "North".

Interstate 91

[edit]

The start of Interstate 91 begins at the interchange in New Haven with I-95. It runs parallel to U.S. Route 5 as it heads towards Hartford and Vermont.

Interstate 95

[edit]

The western portions of Interstate 95 in Connecticut are known as the Connecticut Turnpike or the Governor John Davis Lodge Turnpike in New Haven County and it crosses the state approximately parallel to U.S. Route 1. The road is most commonly referred to as "I-95". The highway is six lanes (sometimes eight lanes) throughout the county. It was completed in 1958 and is often clogged with traffic particularly during morning and evening rush hours.

With the cost of land so high along the Gold Coast, state lawmakers say they do not consider widening the highway to be fiscally feasible, although occasional stretches between entrances and nearby exits are now sometimes connected with a fourth "operational improvement" lane (for instance, westbound between the Exit 10 interchange in Darien and Exit 8 in Stamford). Expect similar added lanes in Darien and elsewhere in the Fairfield County portion of the highway in the future, lawmakers and state Department of Transportation officials say.[citation needed]

Wilbur Cross Parkway

[edit]

The Wilbur Cross Parkway or Connecticut Route 15, is a truck-free scenic parkway that runs through the county parallel and generally several miles north of Interstate 95. It begins at the Igor I. Sikorsky Memorial Bridge and terminates at the Berlin turnpike. The parkway goes through Heroes Tunnel in New Haven.

The parkway is a National Scenic Byway and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[8]

Interstate 84

[edit]

Interstate 84, which runs through Danbury, is scheduled to be widened to a six-lane highway at all points between Danbury and Waterbury. State officials say they hope the widening will not only benefit drivers regularly on the route but also entice some cars from the more crowded Interstate 95, which is roughly parallel to it. Heavier trucks are unlikely to use Interstate 84 more often, however, because the route is much hillier than I-95 according to a state Department of Transportation official.

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
179030,703—
180032,1624.8%
181037,06415.2%
182039,6166.9%
183043,84710.7%
184048,61910.9%
185065,58834.9%
186097,34548.4%
1870121,25724.6%
1880156,52329.1%
1890209,05833.6%
1900269,16328.8%
1910337,28225.3%
1920415,21423.1%
1930463,44911.6%
1940484,3164.5%
1950545,78412.7%
1960660,31521.0%
1970744,94812.8%
1980761,3372.2%
1990804,2195.6%
2000824,0082.5%
2010862,4774.7%
2020864,8350.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[9]
1790-1960[10] 1900-1990[11]
1990-2000[12] 2010-2020[13]

2000 census

[edit]

At the 2000 census,[14] there were 824,008 people, 319,040 households, and 210,566 families residing in the county. The population density was 1,361 inhabitants per square mile (525/km2). There were 340,732 housing units at an average density of 563 per square mile (217/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 79.40% White, 11.32% Black or African American, 0.25% Native American, 2.33% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 4.51% from other races, and 2.16% from two or more races. 10.09% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 24.5% were of Italian, 12.3% Irish, 6.0% Polish, 5.7% English and 5.6% German ancestry according to Census 2000. 8.73% of the population reported speaking Spanish at home, while 2.05% speak Italian.[15]

There were 319,040 households, of which 31.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.60% were married couples living together, 13.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.00% were non-families. 28.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.08.

The age distribution was 24.50% under the age of 18, 8.70% from 18 to 24, 30.00% from 25 to 44, 22.40% from 45 to 64, and 14.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.70 males.

The median household income was $48,834, and the median family income was $60,549. Males had a median income of $43,643 versus $32,001 for females. The per capita income for the county was $24,439. About 7.00% of families and 9.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.00% of those under age 18 and 7.70% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

[edit]
Ethnic origins in New Haven County

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 862,477 people, 334,502 households, and 215,749 families residing in the county.[16] The population density was 1,426.7 inhabitants per square mile (550.9/km2). There were 362,004 housing units at an average density of 598.8 per square mile (231.2/km2).[17] The racial makeup of the county was 74.8% white, 12.7% black or African American, 3.5% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 6.0% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 15.0% of the population.[16] In terms of ancestry, 24.0% were Italian, 17.5% were Irish, 9.3% were German, 8.5% were English, 7.6% were Polish, and 2.0% were American.[18]

Of the 334,502 households, 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.5% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 35.5% were non-families, and 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.09. The median age was 39.3 years.[16]

The median income for a household in the county was $61,114 and the median income for a family was $77,379. Males had a median income of $56,697 versus $43,941 for females. The per capita income for the county was $31,720. About 7.9% of families and 10.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.7% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.[19]

Demographic breakdown by town

[edit]
See also: List of Connecticut locations by per capita income

The following income data is from the 2010 United States Census and the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates:[20][21]

Rank Town Per capita
income 		Median
household
income 		Median
family
income 		Population Number of
households
1 Woodbridge Town $73,020 $127,237 $145,321 8,990 3,336
2 Guilford Town $52,070 $98,411 $116,250 22,375 8,715
3 Madison Town $52,002 $108,175 $125,199 18,269 6,971
4 Bethany Town $47,241 $113,720 $121,701 5,563 1,971
5 Orange Town $44,983 $102,255 $115,685 13,956 5,123
6 Middlebury Town $44,850 $100,866 $109,750 7,575 2,748
7 Woodmont Borough $43,149 $71,667 $99,423 1,488 691
8 Oxford Town $41,909 $107,500 $113,077 12,683 4,504
9 Branford Town $41,540 $70,640 $86,696 28,026 12,739
10 Cheshire Town $40,498 $107,936 $123,539 29,261 10,041
11 Prospect Town $40,126 $86,526 $99,028 9,405 3,357
12 Southbury Town $40,022 $68,041 $104,838 19,904 8,213
13 Milford City $38,489 $76,973 $92,684 52,759 21,708
14 North Haven Town $38,286 $83,588 $94,916 24,093 9,135
15 North Branford Town $36,297 $80,618 $92,083 14,407 5,441
16 Hamden Town $34,596 $66,695 $88,613 60,960 23,727
17 Wallingford Town $33,839 $71,317 $87,641 45,135 18,032
18 Wolcott Town $33,572 $78,882 $90,061 16,680 6,007
19 Beacon Falls Town $32,710 $81,214 $93,056 6,049 2,360
20 Seymour Town $32,346 $71,719 $92,981 16,540 6,654
21 East Haven Town $28,638 $59,918 $69,837 29,257 11,756
22 Naugatuck Borough $27,933 $59,393 $71,021 31,862 12,339
23 Meriden City $27,625 $53,873 $65,450 60,868 23,977
24 Derby City $26,264 $52,029 $58,984 12,902 5,388
25 Ansonia City $26,225 $56,541 $71,329 19,249 7,510
26 West Haven City $25,884 $51,854 $62,330 55,564 21,112
27 New Haven City $21,789 $38,963 $47,432 129,779 48,877
28 Waterbury City $21,545 $40,254 $47,077 110,366 42,761

Metropolitan Statistical Area

[edit]

The United States Office of Management and Budget has designated New Haven County as the New Haven-Milford, CT Metropolitan Statistical Area.[22] The United States Census Bureau ranked the New Haven-Milford, CT Metropolitan Statistical Area as the 62nd most populous metropolitan statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012.[23]

The Office of Management and Budget has further designated the New Haven-Milford, CT Metropolitan Statistical Area as a component of the more extensive New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area,[22] the most populous combined statistical area and primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012.[23][24]

Education

[edit]

Primary and secondary education

[edit]

Education in the county area is usually provided by the individual town governments. Several less populated towns have joined to form regional school districts. Bethany, Orange, and Woodbridge are part of Region 5; Middlebury and Southbury are part of Region 15; and Beacon Falls and Prospect are part of Region 16.

School districts include:[25]

K-12:

Secondary districts:

Elementary districts:

Tertiary education

[edit]

New Haven county serves as a center of advanced learning, with several noted educational institutions located within its borders centered on the city of New Haven. These include:

Communities

[edit]
Map of New Haven County, Connecticut showing cities, boroughs, towns, and CDPs

Cities

[edit]

Towns

[edit]

Villages are named localities within towns but have no separate corporate existence from the towns they are in.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Census - Geography Profile: New Haven County, Connecticut". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on November 21, 2021. Retrieved November 20, 2021.
  2. ^ https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/06/06/2022-12063/change-to-county-equivalents-in-the-state-of-connecticut Archived January 20, 2023, at the Wayback Machine Federal Register: Change to County-Equivalents in the State of Connecticut
  3. ^ "CCR: Volume 02, Page 39". Archived from the original on April 28, 2007. Retrieved June 17, 2008.
  4. ^ Newberry Library – Connecticut Atlas of Historical County Boundaries Archived November 10, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  6. ^ CFPC: New Haven County Fire Emergency Plan Archived October 16, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Ct.gov (October 17, 2002). Retrieved on July 26, 2013.
  7. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Archived from the original on September 19, 2019. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  8. ^ "National Register of Historical Places - CONNECTICUT (CT), Fairfield County". National Park Service and United States Department of the Interior. Archived from the original on August 17, 2017. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
  9. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on October 3, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  10. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Archived from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  11. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 3, 2015. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  12. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  13. ^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  14. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  15. ^ Language Map Data Center Archived September 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Mla.org (April 3, 2013). Retrieved on July 26, 2013.
  16. ^ a b c "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  17. ^ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  18. ^ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  19. ^ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  20. ^ "SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  21. ^ "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 21, 2019. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  22. ^ a b "OMB Bulletin No. 13-01: Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas" (PDF). Office of Management and Budget. February 28, 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved March 20, 2013 – via National Archives.
  23. ^ a b "Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012". 2012 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 2013. Archived from the original (CSV) on April 1, 2013. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
  24. ^ "Table 2. Annual Estimates of the Population of Combined Statistical Areas: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012". 2012 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 2013. Archived from the original (CSV) on May 17, 2013. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
  25. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: New Haven County, CT" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2022. - Text list Archived July 22, 2022, at the Wayback Machine
[edit]
Wikisource has the text of an 1879 American Cyclopædia article about New Haven County, Connecticut.

41°21′N 72°54′W / 41.35°N 72.90°W / 41.35; -72.90

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